article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
nav,
section,
summary {
    display: block;
}
audio,
canvas,
video {
    display: inline-block;
}
audio:not([controls]) {
    display: none;
    height: 0px;
}
[hidden] {
    display: none;
}
html {
    font-size: 100%;
}
html,
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    font-family: sans-serif;
}
body {
    margin: 0px;
}
a:focus {
    outline: dotted thin;
}
a:active,
a:hover {
    outline: 0px;
}
h1 {
    font-size: 2em;
    margin: 0.67em 0px;
}
h2 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    margin: 0.83em 0px;
}
h3 {
    font-size: 1.17em;
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
h4 {
    font-size: 1em;
    margin: 1.33em 0px;
}
h5 {
    font-size: 0.83em;
    margin: 1.67em 0px;
}
h6 {
    font-size: 0.67em;
    margin: 2.33em 0px;
}
abbr[title] {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: dotted;
}
b,
strong {
    font-weight: bold;
}
blockquote {
    margin: 1em 40px;
}
dfn {
    font-style: italic;
}
hr {
    box-sizing: content-box;
    height: 0px;
}
mark {
    color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
    background: rgb(255, 255, 0);
}
p,
pre {
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, serif;
    font-size: 1em;
}
pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}
q {
    quotes: none;
}
q::before,
q::after {
    content: none;
}
small {
    font-size: 80%;
}
sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}
dl,
menu,
ol,
ul {
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
dd {
    margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px;
}
li {
    padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;
}
nav ul,
nav ol {
    list-style: none none;
}
img {
    border: 0px;
}
svg:not(:root) {
    overflow: hidden;
}
figure {
    margin: 0px;
}
form {
    margin: 0px;
}
fieldset {
    border: 1px solid silver;
    margin: 0px 2px;
    padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
legend {
    border: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    white-space: normal;
}
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    font-size: 100%;
    margin: 0px;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}
button,
input {
    line-height: normal;
}
button,
select {
    text-transform: none;
}
button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
    cursor: pointer;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
    cursor: default;
}
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 0px;
}
input[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}
textarea {
    overflow: auto;
    vertical-align: top;
}
table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0px;
}
html,
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
}
html {
    font-size: 1em;
    line-height: 1.4;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}
::selection {
    text-shadow: none;
    background: rgb(179, 212, 252);
}
hr {
    display: block;
    height: 1px;
    border-width: 1px 0px 0px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);
    margin: 1em 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
audio,
canvas,
img,
video {
    vertical-align: middle;
}
fieldset {
    border: 0px;
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
textarea {
    resize: vertical;
    font-size: 1em;
    min-height: 7em;
}
.wrapper {
    max-width: 974px;
    margin: auto;
    padding: 0px 0px 40px;
}
.wrapper::after,
.wrapper-wide::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
.row,
.row-normal,
row-large,
.row-extra,
.row-inline,
.row-small,
.pane,
.wrapper,
.wrapper-wide,
.bbox {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
    clear: both;
}
.row-small .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.row-normal {
    clear: both;
    margin-left: -10px;
    margin-right: -10px;
}
.row-normal .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.row-medium {
    clear: both;
    margin-left: -15px;
    margin-right: -15px;
}
.row-medium > .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.row-large .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.row::after,
.row-normal::after,
.row-large::after,
.row-extra::after,
.row-inline::after,
.row-small::after,
legend::after,
.row-none::after,
.row-medium::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
.pane {
    display: block;
    float: left;
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row-medium > .pane {
    padding-left: 15px;
    padding-right: 15px;
}
.row-large > .pane {
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.row-extra > .pane {
    padding-left: 40px;
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.row-inline > .pane {
    padding-left: 2px;
    padding-right: 2px;
}
.row-small > .pane {
    padding-left: 5px;
    padding-right: 5px;
}
.row-none > .pane {
    padding-left: 0px;
    padding-right: 0px;
}
.base1,
.base2,
.base3,
.base4,
.base5,
.base6,
.base7,
.base8,
.base9,
.base10,
.base11,
.base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.t-base1,
.t-base2,
.t-base3,
.t-base4,
.t-base5,
.t-base6,
.t-base7,
.t-base8,
.t-base9,
.t-base10,
.t-base11,
.t-base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.m-base12,
.full-width {
    width: 100%;
}
.lt-ie9 .m-base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.lt-ie9 .t-base5 {
    width: 41.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .t-base7 {
    width: 58.3333%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base2 {
    width: 16.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base3 {
    width: 25%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base4 {
    width: 33.3333%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base8 {
    width: 66.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base9 {
    width: 75%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.row-margin-normal {
    margin-bottom: 17px;
}
.row-margin-large {
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.pull-up {
    margin-top: -30px;
}
html {
    font-size: 62.5%;
}
body {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
    text-align: left;
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
    letter-spacing: 0px;
    position: relative;
    background: none;
}
.select-wrapper.select-wrapper-transparent.display-inline-block.base8 {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
html,
body {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}
a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
a:hover,
a:focus,
a:active {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
input:focus,
select:focus,
button:focus,
.focused,
.select-wrapper.focused,
textarea:focus,
.button:focus,
input[type="radio"]:focus + label,
input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label {
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 100, 200, 0.701961) 0px 0px 10px;
    outline: none;
}
ul li,
ol li {
    font-size: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px 0px 9px;
    list-style-type: none;
}
.list-ordered li,
.rich-text-area ol li {
    list-style: decimal;
}
.list-style-disc li,
.rich-text-area ul li {
    list-style: disc;
}
p {
    line-height: 22px;
    font-size: 17px;
    padding: 0px 0px 22px;
    color: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
}
strong {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
small {
    font-size: 0.8em;
}
.headline {
    font-size: 25px;
    line-height: 32px;
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
}
table {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 10px 0px 25px;
}
table th {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-weight: normal;
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    background: rgb(86, 90, 93);
}
table th,
table td {
    padding: 20px 10px;
}
table tr:nth-child(odd) td {
    background: rgb(247, 247, 247);
}
table tr:nth-child(even) td {
    background: rgb(234, 234, 234);
}
.button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 17.9px;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 15px;
    border: 0px;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
    -webkit-transition: background 0.2s ease;
    text-align: center;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 1em;
    background: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
small .button {
    font-size: 16px;
}
.button-transparent {
    border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background-color: transparent;
}
.button-small.chevron-right {
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.button-small.chevron-right::after {
    right: -12px;
}
.button:hover,
.button-primary:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    background-color: rgb(0, 83, 71);
}
.button-transparent:hover,
.button-transparent.selected {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.button.disabled,
.button.disabled:hover,
.button:disabled,
input[type="checkbox"]:disabled + .button-select:hover {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);
    background: rgb(204, 204, 204);
}
input.visuallyhidden:checked + .button-secondary {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-color: rgb(56, 98, 145) !important;
    background: rgb(56, 98, 145);
}
.button-block {
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.button-group .button {
    margin: 0px 0px 10px;
}
legend,
label {
    display: block;
    margin: 0px 0px 15px;
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 25px;
    text-transform: none;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}
label::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
fieldset fieldset legend {
    text-transform: none;
}
label em,
legend em {
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
    font-style: normal;
}
fieldset {
    display: block;
}
legend {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
}
.text-input,
.select-input {
    display: inline-block;
    border: 2px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);
    padding: 13px;
    font-size: 17px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    box-shadow: rgba(65, 68, 76, 0.2) 0px 0px 7px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border-radius: 0px;
    background: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
input[type="search"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border-radius: 0px;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}
.text-input:focus {
    outline: none;
}
.text-input:disabled {
    opacity: 0.5;
}
.text-input-error {
    border-color: red;
    color: red;
}
.text-input-error:focus {
    border-color: red;
}
.text-input-block,
.select-input-block {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-height: 48px;
}
.lt-ie9 .text-input-block,
.lt-ie9 .select-input-block {
    min-height: 0px;
}
*::-webkit-input-placeholder {
    color: rgb(163, 163, 163);
}
.icons-sprite,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-select span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.hover span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.focus span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.disabled span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked:hover,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked:focus,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-checkbox span.checked,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-file,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-file .action,
.pagination ul li::before,
.pagination ul li.previous a::before,
.pagination ul li.next a::before,
.sticky-nav .nav-promo a::before,
.mobile-back-to-top a::before,
.image-text .content-block .icon-arrow,
.image-text a:hover .icon-arrow,
.image-text a:focus .icon-arrow,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page.active span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:hover span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:focus span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-buttons > div > a.owl-prev-link::before,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-buttons > div > a.owl-next-link::before,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page.active span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:hover span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:focus span,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down:hover .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down:focus .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up:hover .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up:focus .icon,
.call-to-action a.icon-open-doors .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-map .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-pencil .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-open-book .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-doors:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-doors:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-map:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-map:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-pencil:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-pencil:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-book:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-book:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat:focus .cta-icon::before,
.icon.facebook,
.icon.facebook:hover,
.icon.facebook:active,
.icon.facebook:focus,
.icon.youtube,
.icon.youtube:hover,
.icon.youtube:active,
.icon.youtube:focus,
.icon.instagram,
.icon.instagram:hover,
.icon.instagram:active,
.icon.instagram:focus,
.icon.twitter,
.icon.twitter:hover,
.icon.twitter:active,
.icon.twitter:focus,
.subject-index .subject-index-header .icon-close,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:hover > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:active > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:focus > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a.open > .icon,
.search-results .pagination-container .results-select .uniform-select span::after,
.search-results .pagination-container .results-select .uniform-select.clicked span::after,
.search-results .load-more::before,
.ie8 .related-subjects a:hover::before,
.ie8 .related-subjects a:focus::before,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:hover span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:focus span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:active span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a.open span.icon,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.accreditation,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.combined,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.excellent-facilities,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.fieldwork,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.flexible-degree,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.hands-on,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.international-mix,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.links-with-industry,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.professional-year,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.satisfaction,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.scholarships,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.study-abroad,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.top-university,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.queens-anniversary-prize,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.unique-degree,
.ie8 .related-courses a:hover::before,
.ie8 .related-courses a:focus::before,
.chevron-down::after,
.chevron-down-white::after,
.chevron-up-white::after,
.chevron-up::after,
.chevron-right::after,
.chevron-left::after,
.chevron-button-right::after,
.chevron-button-left::after,
.person-icon::after,
.icon-tooltip,
.icon-close,
.icon-close-white,
.icon-close-right::after,
.icon-ss-abc,
.icon-ss-search,
.calendar-day,
.phone-icon::after,
.checkmark-green-left::before,
.edit-pencil-left::before,
.share-plane-left::before,
.download-right::after,
.button-add::after,
.icon-menu,
.icon-pencil,
.icon-paper-sheet,
.icon-map,
.br-arrow-icon::before,
.prospectus-login-icon::before,
.account-login-icon::before,
.icon-inbox-create::before,
.icon-inbox-attachment::before {
    background-image: url(https://openathens.auth.reading.ac.uk/oala/img/main-sprite.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.chevron-right,
.chevron-button-right {
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 40px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}
.chevron-right::after,
.chevron-button-right::after {
    content: '';
    height: 44px;
    width: 44px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0px;
    top: 50%;
    margin-top: -21px;
    background-position: -90px -281px;
}
.chevron-down,
.chevron-down-white,
.chevron-up-white {
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.chevron-down::after,
.chevron-down-white::after,
.chevron-up-white::after {
    content: '';
    height: 8px;
    width: 15px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0px;
    top: 50%;
    margin: -4px 0px 0px;
    background-position: -15px -85px;
}
.chevron-down::after {
    background-position: -390px -354px;
}
a:hover.chevron-down::after {
    background-position: -365px -319px;
}
.pad-none {
    padding: 0px;
}
.pad-row-xsmall {
    padding-top: 5px;
    padding-bottom: 5px;
}
.pad-sides {
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.margin-left {
    margin-left: 20px;
}
.paddingtop {
    padding-top: 35px;
}
.nopaddingbottom {
    padding-bottom: 0px;
}
.relative {
    position: relative;
}
.section-header.wrapper-wide .section-content {
    position: absolute;
    top: 80px;
    left: 0px;
    right: 0px;
}
.bg-primary,
.main-header.bg-primary {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.bg-white {
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.bg-light-grey {
    background-color: rgb(232, 232, 232);
}
.hover-darken:hover .text-bg-standout {
    background-color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    position: relative;
    font-weight: normal;
    display: block;
    line-height: 22px;
    font-size: 17px;
    padding: 0px;
    color: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
}
.text-size-30 {
    font-size: 29px;
    line-height: 40px;
}
.text-size-40 {
    font-size: 42px;
    line-height: 45px;
}
.text-size-60 {
    font-size: 60px;
    line-height: 65px;
}
.text-color-white {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.text-bg-standout {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    display: inline;
    line-height: 1.2em;
    padding: 0px 10px;
    background-color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-white,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-primary,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-standout,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-standout-dark {
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    left: 0px;
}
.text-weight-medium {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
.text-weight-heavy {
    font-family: Effra-Heavy, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
.text-transform-uppercase {
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.theme-editor {} .theme-editor h1 {
    font-size: 60px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.25em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h2 {
    font-size: 42px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h3 {
    font-size: 29px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.75em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h4 {
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor strong,
.theme-editor b {
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor em,
.theme-editor i {
    font-style: italic;
}
.theme-editor blockquote {
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1em;
    font-family: Effra-Medium;
}
.theme-editor blockquote p::before {
    white-space: nowrap;
    content: '�';
}
.theme-editor blockquote p::after {
    content: '�';
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.theme-editor ul li {
    list-style: disc;
}
.theme-editor ol li {
    list-style: decimal;
}
.theme-editor a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.theme-editor a[href] {
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.theme-editor a[href]:hover {
    color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
}
.theme-editor a[href].text-color-headings {
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
    border-bottom-style: none;
}
.theme-editor .button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor a {
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor a:hover {
    color: rgb(0, 110, 93);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 110, 93);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor .button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.link-decoration-none,
.link-decoration-none:hover,
.link-decoration-none:focus {
    text-decoration: none;
}
.link-decoration-border-dark {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(169, 160, 153);
}
.link-decoration-border-dark:hover,
a:hover .link-decoration-border-dark {
    border-color: rgb(127, 250, 233);
    text-decoration: none;
}
a.skip {
    position: absolute;
    left: -999em;
}
a.skip:active,
a.skip:focus {
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-size: 1.1em;
    display: block;
    padding: 0.4em;
    border: 0.1em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 14em;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: bold;
    z-index: 99999;
    background: rgb(1, 167, 227);
}
.main-header {
    padding: 16px 0px 14px;
    z-index: 2;
    min-height: 42px;
    left: 0px;
    position: fixed;
    width: 100%;
    top: 0px;
}
.cookie-visible .main-header {
    position: relative;
}
.home-link {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: top;
    padding-right: 25px;
    padding-top: 5px;
    padding-bottom: 5px;
    border: 1px dotted transparent;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-link:focus {
    border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.main-heading-hero,
.main-heading,
.main-heading-slim,
.img-bg-section,
.img-bg-section-small {
    min-height: 250px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    position: relative;
    background-position: 50% 0%;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.main-heading .full-bg-row {
    min-height: 314px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
}
blockquote {
    margin: 0px;
}
blockquote p::before {
    white-space: nowrap;
    content: '�';
}
blockquote p::after {
    content: '�';
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.sticky-home.quicklinks,
.sticky-home.main-header {
    position: relative;
}
.sticky-fixed.main-header {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0px;
    right: 0px;
    top: 0px;
    padding: 10px 0px;
    transition: 0.2s;
    -webkit-transition: 0.2s;
}
.cookie {
    border-top-width: 10px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(79, 70, 89);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    padding-top: 20px;
    display: none;
    background: rgb(80, 76, 90);
}
.footer-push::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
}
.main-footer {
    border-top-width: 10px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(79, 70, 89);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background: rgb(80, 76, 90);
}
.main-footer h3 {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 16px;
    padding: 15px 0px 14px;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(133, 127, 141);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.main-footer .pin::before {
    content: '';
    width: 52px;
    height: 70px;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    margin: 17px 0px 20px 35px;
    background: url(https://openathens.auth.reading.ac.uk/oala/img/main-sprite.png) -299px 0px no-repeat;
}
.main-footer .location:hover,
.main-footer .location:active,
.main-footer .location:focus {
    background-position: -179px -69px;
}
.main-footer .icon-plus:hover,
.main-footer .icon-minus:hover {
    cursor: pointer;
}
.main-footer .icon-plus::after,
.main-footer .icon-minus::after {
    top: 15px;
    right: 0px;
}
.main-footer a {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.footer-links {
    border: 0px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    padding: 16px 0px;
    background: rgb(55, 53, 66);
}
.footer-links .wrapper {
    padding-bottom: 0px;
}
.footer-links p {
    font-family: RdgVesta-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 16px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    line-height: 24px;
    padding: 0px 0px 10px;
}
.footer-links ul {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 5px 0px 0px;
}
.footer-links ul li {
    float: left;
    padding-right: 26px;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
}
.footer-links ul li a {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana;
}
.footer-links ul li a:hover,
.footer-links ul li a:focus,
.footer-links ul li a:active {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 250, 233);
    text-decoration: none;
}
.footer-links p.copy {
    float: right;
    margin: 3px 32px 0px 0px;
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 13px;
}
.hidden {
    visibility: hidden;
    display: none !important;
}
.visuallyhidden {
    border: 0px;
    clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px);
    height: 1px;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0px;
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
}
.cf::before,
.cf::after {
    content: ' ';
    display: table;
}
.cf::after {
    clear: both;
}
.cf {} .display-block {
    display: block;
}
.display-inline-block {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.border-top-light {
    border-top-width: 1px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(232, 232, 232);
}
.template-search-standout-dark .link-decoration-none {
    border-bottom-width: 0px;
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.template-search-primary .link-decoration-none {
    border-bottom-width: 0px;
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.template-search-standout-dark a.button,
.template-search-primary a.button {
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.text-color-white .validation-error,
.label-white .validation-error {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.text-color-white .validation-success,
.label-white .validation-success {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.text-color-white .validation-waiting,
.label-white .validation-waiting {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background-color: rgb(57, 98, 146);
}
.text-color-white .validation-line,
.label-white .validation-line {
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.white-slick .slick-navbar.m-pad {
    padding-right: 0px;
    padding-left: 0px;
}
.white-slick .slick-navbar .wrapper {
    padding-right: 0px;
    padding-left: 10px;
}
.taster-portrait figure,
.taster-landscape figure {
    max-height: 167px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.taster-portrait .br-arrow-icon {
    padding-bottom: 28px;
}
.taster-portrait .br-arrow-icon::before {
    right: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
}
.lt-ie9 .slick-dots button,
.lt-ie9 .bullet-container,
.lt-ie9 .status-steps .slick-next,
.lt-ie9 .status-steps .slick-prev,
.lt-ie9 .white-panel,
.lt-ie9 .section-panel,
.lt-ie9 .text-color-white .validation-error,
.lt-ie9 .label-white .validation-error,
.lt-ie9 .validation-message::after {} .lt-ie9 .main-heading,
.lt-ie9 .main-heading-xlarge {
    min-height: 0px;
}
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
nav,
section,
summary {
    display: block;
}
audio,
canvas,
video {
    display: inline-block;
}
audio:not([controls]) {
    display: none;
    height: 0px;
}
[hidden] {
    display: none;
}
html {
    font-size: 100%;
}
html,
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    font-family: sans-serif;
}
body {
    margin: 0px;
}
a:focus {
    outline: dotted thin;
}
a:active,
a:hover {
    outline: 0px;
}
h1 {
    font-size: 2em;
    margin: 0.67em 0px;
}
h2 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    margin: 0.83em 0px;
}
h3 {
    font-size: 1.17em;
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
h4 {
    font-size: 1em;
    margin: 1.33em 0px;
}
h5 {
    font-size: 0.83em;
    margin: 1.67em 0px;
}
h6 {
    font-size: 0.67em;
    margin: 2.33em 0px;
}
abbr[title] {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: dotted;
}
b,
strong {
    font-weight: bold;
}
blockquote {
    margin: 1em 40px;
}
dfn {
    font-style: italic;
}
hr {
    box-sizing: content-box;
    height: 0px;
}
mark {
    color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
    background: rgb(255, 255, 0);
}
p,
pre {
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, serif;
    font-size: 1em;
}
pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}
q {
    quotes: none;
}
q::before,
q::after {
    content: none;
}
small {
    font-size: 80%;
}
sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}
dl,
menu,
ol,
ul {
    margin: 1em 0px;
}
dd {
    margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px;
}
li {
    padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;
}
nav ul,
nav ol {
    list-style: none none;
}
img {
    border: 0px;
}
svg:not(:root) {
    overflow: hidden;
}
figure {
    margin: 0px;
}
form {
    margin: 0px;
}
fieldset {
    border: 1px solid silver;
    margin: 0px 2px;
    padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
legend {
    border: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
    white-space: normal;
}
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    font-size: 100%;
    margin: 0px;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}
button,
input {
    line-height: normal;
}
button,
select {
    text-transform: none;
}
button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
    cursor: pointer;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
    cursor: default;
}
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 0px;
}
input[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}
textarea {
    overflow: auto;
    vertical-align: top;
}
table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0px;
}
html,
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
}
html {
    font-size: 1em;
    line-height: 1.4;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}
::selection {
    text-shadow: none;
    background: rgb(179, 212, 252);
}
hr {
    display: block;
    height: 1px;
    border-width: 1px 0px 0px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);
    margin: 1em 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
audio,
canvas,
img,
video {
    vertical-align: middle;
}
fieldset {
    border: 0px;
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
textarea {
    resize: vertical;
    font-size: 1em;
    min-height: 7em;
}
.wrapper {
    max-width: 974px;
    margin: auto;
    padding: 0px 0px 40px;
}
.wrapper::after,
.wrapper-wide::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
.row,
.row-normal,
row-large,
.row-extra,
.row-inline,
.row-small,
.pane,
.wrapper,
.wrapper-wide,
.bbox {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
    clear: both;
}
.row-small .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.row-normal {
    clear: both;
    margin-left: -10px;
    margin-right: -10px;
}
.row-normal .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.row-medium {
    clear: both;
    margin-left: -15px;
    margin-right: -15px;
}
.row-medium > .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.row-large .pane-around {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.row::after,
.row-normal::after,
.row-large::after,
.row-extra::after,
.row-inline::after,
.row-small::after,
legend::after,
.row-none::after,
.row-medium::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
.pane {
    display: block;
    float: left;
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row-medium > .pane {
    padding-left: 15px;
    padding-right: 15px;
}
.row-large > .pane {
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.row-extra > .pane {
    padding-left: 40px;
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.row-inline > .pane {
    padding-left: 2px;
    padding-right: 2px;
}
.row-small > .pane {
    padding-left: 5px;
    padding-right: 5px;
}
.row-none > .pane {
    padding-left: 0px;
    padding-right: 0px;
}
.base1,
.base2,
.base3,
.base4,
.base5,
.base6,
.base7,
.base8,
.base9,
.base10,
.base11,
.base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.t-base1,
.t-base2,
.t-base3,
.t-base4,
.t-base5,
.t-base6,
.t-base7,
.t-base8,
.t-base9,
.t-base10,
.t-base11,
.t-base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.m-base12,
.full-width {
    width: 100%;
}
.lt-ie9 .m-base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.lt-ie9 .t-base5 {
    width: 41.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .t-base7 {
    width: 58.3333%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base2 {
    width: 16.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base3 {
    width: 25%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base4 {
    width: 33.3333%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base8 {
    width: 66.6666%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base9 {
    width: 75%;
}
.lt-ie9 .base12 {
    width: 100%;
}
.row-margin-normal {
    margin-bottom: 17px;
}
.row-margin-large {
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.pull-up {
    margin-top: -30px;
}
html {
    font-size: 62.5%;
}
body {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
    text-align: left;
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
    letter-spacing: 0px;
    position: relative;
    background: none;
}
.select-wrapper.select-wrapper-transparent.display-inline-block.base8 {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px;
}
html,
body {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}
a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
a:hover,
a:focus,
a:active {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
input:focus,
select:focus,
button:focus,
.focused,
.select-wrapper.focused,
textarea:focus,
.button:focus,
input[type="radio"]:focus + label,
input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label {
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 100, 200, 0.701961) 0px 0px 10px;
    outline: none;
}
ul li,
ol li {
    font-size: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 0px 0px 9px;
    list-style-type: none;
}
.list-ordered li,
.rich-text-area ol li {
    list-style: decimal;
}
.list-style-disc li,
.rich-text-area ul li {
    list-style: disc;
}
p {
    line-height: 22px;
    font-size: 17px;
    padding: 0px 0px 22px;
    color: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
}
strong {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
small {
    font-size: 0.8em;
}
.headline {
    font-size: 25px;
    line-height: 32px;
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
}
table {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 10px 0px 25px;
}
table th {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-weight: normal;
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    background: rgb(86, 90, 93);
}
table th,
table td {
    padding: 20px 10px;
}
table tr:nth-child(odd) td {
    background: rgb(247, 247, 247);
}
table tr:nth-child(even) td {
    background: rgb(234, 234, 234);
}
.button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 17.9px;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 15px;
    border: 0px;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
    -webkit-transition: background 0.2s ease;
    text-align: center;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 1em;
    background: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
small .button {
    font-size: 16px;
}
.button-transparent {
    border: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background-color: transparent;
}
.button-small.chevron-right {
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.button-small.chevron-right::after {
    right: -12px;
}
.button:hover,
.button-primary:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    background-color: rgb(0, 83, 71);
}
.button-transparent:hover,
.button-transparent.selected {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.button.disabled,
.button.disabled:hover,
.button:disabled,
input[type="checkbox"]:disabled + .button-select:hover {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);
    background: rgb(204, 204, 204);
}
input.visuallyhidden:checked + .button-secondary {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-color: rgb(56, 98, 145) !important;
    background: rgb(56, 98, 145);
}
.button-block {
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.button-group .button {
    margin: 0px 0px 10px;
}
legend,
label {
    display: block;
    margin: 0px 0px 15px;
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 25px;
    text-transform: none;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}
label::after {
    content: '';
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}
fieldset fieldset legend {
    text-transform: none;
}
label em,
legend em {
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
    font-style: normal;
}
fieldset {
    display: block;
}
legend {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease;
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
}
.text-input,
.select-input {
    display: inline-block;
    border: 2px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);
    padding: 13px;
    font-size: 17px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    box-shadow: rgba(65, 68, 76, 0.2) 0px 0px 7px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border-radius: 0px;
    background: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
input[type="search"] {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border-radius: 0px;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}
.text-input:focus {
    outline: none;
}
.text-input:disabled {
    opacity: 0.5;
}
.text-input-error {
    border-color: red;
    color: red;
}
.text-input-error:focus {
    border-color: red;
}
.text-input-block,
.select-input-block {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-height: 48px;
}
.lt-ie9 .text-input-block,
.lt-ie9 .select-input-block {
    min-height: 0px;
}
*::-webkit-input-placeholder {
    color: rgb(163, 163, 163);
}
.icons-sprite,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-select span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.hover span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.focus span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio.disabled span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked:hover,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-radio span.checked:focus,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-checkbox span.checked,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-file,
.form-uniform.standard .uniform-file .action,
.pagination ul li::before,
.pagination ul li.previous a::before,
.pagination ul li.next a::before,
.sticky-nav .nav-promo a::before,
.mobile-back-to-top a::before,
.image-text .content-block .icon-arrow,
.image-text a:hover .icon-arrow,
.image-text a:focus .icon-arrow,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page.active span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:hover span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:focus span,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-buttons > div > a.owl-prev-link::before,
.urm-carousel .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-buttons > div > a.owl-next-link::before,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page.active span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:hover span,
.urm-carousel.urm-carousel-red .owl-theme .owl-controls .owl-page a:focus span,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down:hover .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-down:focus .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up:hover .icon,
.page-split .read-more.chev-up:focus .icon,
.call-to-action a.icon-open-doors .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-map .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-pencil .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-open-book .cta-icon::before,
.call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-doors:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-doors:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-paper-sheet:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-map:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-map:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-pencil:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-pencil:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-book:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-open-book:focus .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat:hover .cta-icon::before,
.ie8 .call-to-action a.icon-grad-hat:focus .cta-icon::before,
.icon.facebook,
.icon.facebook:hover,
.icon.facebook:active,
.icon.facebook:focus,
.icon.youtube,
.icon.youtube:hover,
.icon.youtube:active,
.icon.youtube:focus,
.icon.instagram,
.icon.instagram:hover,
.icon.instagram:active,
.icon.instagram:focus,
.icon.twitter,
.icon.twitter:hover,
.icon.twitter:active,
.icon.twitter:focus,
.subject-index .subject-index-header .icon-close,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:hover > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:active > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a:focus > .icon,
.urm-subject-index-accordion .accordion > li > a.open > .icon,
.search-results .pagination-container .results-select .uniform-select span::after,
.search-results .pagination-container .results-select .uniform-select.clicked span::after,
.search-results .load-more::before,
.ie8 .related-subjects a:hover::before,
.ie8 .related-subjects a:focus::before,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:hover span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:focus span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a:active span.icon,
.urm-course-info.vertical-accordion .accordion > li > a.open span.icon,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.accreditation,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.combined,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.excellent-facilities,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.fieldwork,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.flexible-degree,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.hands-on,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.international-mix,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.links-with-industry,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.professional-year,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.satisfaction,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.scholarships,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.study-abroad,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.top-university,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.queens-anniversary-prize,
.course-header .summary-fact-icon.unique-degree,
.ie8 .related-courses a:hover::before,
.ie8 .related-courses a:focus::before,
.chevron-down::after,
.chevron-down-white::after,
.chevron-up-white::after,
.chevron-up::after,
.chevron-right::after,
.chevron-left::after,
.chevron-button-right::after,
.chevron-button-left::after,
.person-icon::after,
.icon-tooltip,
.icon-close,
.icon-close-white,
.icon-close-right::after,
.icon-ss-abc,
.icon-ss-search,
.calendar-day,
.phone-icon::after,
.checkmark-green-left::before,
.edit-pencil-left::before,
.share-plane-left::before,
.download-right::after,
.button-add::after,
.icon-menu,
.icon-pencil,
.icon-paper-sheet,
.icon-map,
.br-arrow-icon::before,
.prospectus-login-icon::before,
.account-login-icon::before,
.icon-inbox-create::before,
.icon-inbox-attachment::before {
    background-image: url(https://openathens.auth.reading.ac.uk/oala/img/main-sprite.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.chevron-right,
.chevron-button-right {
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 40px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}
.chevron-right::after,
.chevron-button-right::after {
    content: '';
    height: 44px;
    width: 44px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0px;
    top: 50%;
    margin-top: -21px;
    background-position: -90px -281px;
}
.chevron-down,
.chevron-down-white,
.chevron-up-white {
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.chevron-down::after,
.chevron-down-white::after,
.chevron-up-white::after {
    content: '';
    height: 8px;
    width: 15px;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0px;
    top: 50%;
    margin: -4px 0px 0px;
    background-position: -15px -85px;
}
.chevron-down::after {
    background-position: -390px -354px;
}
a:hover.chevron-down::after {
    background-position: -365px -319px;
}
.login-panel {
    padding: 18px;
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 3px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    background: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.pad-none {
    padding: 0px;
}
.pad-row-xsmall {
    padding-top: 5px;
    padding-bottom: 5px;
}
.pad-sides {
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.margin-left {
    margin-left: 20px;
}
.paddingtop {
    padding-top: 35px;
}
.nopaddingbottom {
    padding-bottom: 0px;
}
.relative {
    position: relative;
}
.section-header.wrapper-wide .section-content {
    position: absolute;
    top: 80px;
    left: 0px;
    right: 0px;
}
.bg-primary,
.main-header.bg-primary {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.bg-white {
    color: rgb(65, 68, 77);
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.bg-light-grey {
    background-color: rgb(232, 232, 232);
}
.hover-darken:hover .text-bg-standout {
    background-color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    position: relative;
    font-weight: normal;
    display: block;
    line-height: 22px;
    font-size: 17px;
    padding: 0px;
    color: inherit;
    margin: 0px;
}
.text-size-30 {
    font-size: 29px;
    line-height: 40px;
}
.text-size-40 {
    font-size: 42px;
    line-height: 45px;
}
.text-size-60 {
    font-size: 60px;
    line-height: 65px;
}
.text-color-white {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.text-bg-standout {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    display: inline;
    line-height: 1.2em;
    padding: 0px 10px;
    background-color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-white,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-primary,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-standout,
.lt-ie9 .text-bg-standout-dark {
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    left: 0px;
}
.text-weight-medium {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
.text-weight-heavy {
    font-family: Effra-Heavy, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: normal;
}
.text-transform-uppercase {
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.theme-editor {} .theme-editor h1 {
    font-size: 60px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.25em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h2 {
    font-size: 42px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h3 {
    font-size: 29px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 0.75em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor h4 {
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor strong,
.theme-editor b {
    font-family: Effra-Bold;
}
.theme-editor em,
.theme-editor i {
    font-style: italic;
}
.theme-editor blockquote {
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1em;
    font-family: Effra-Medium;
}
.theme-editor blockquote p::before {
    white-space: nowrap;
    content: '“';
}
.theme-editor blockquote p::after {
    content: '”';
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.theme-editor ul li {
    list-style: disc;
}
.theme-editor ol li {
    list-style: decimal;
}
.theme-editor a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.theme-editor a[href] {
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.theme-editor a[href]:hover {
    color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 9, 21);
}
.theme-editor a[href].text-color-headings {
    color: rgb(80, 83, 90);
    border-bottom-style: none;
}
.theme-editor .button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor a {
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor a:hover {
    color: rgb(0, 110, 93);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 110, 93);
}
.theme-primary .theme-editor .button {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.link-decoration-none,
.link-decoration-none:hover,
.link-decoration-none:focus {
    text-decoration: none;
}
.link-decoration-border-dark {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(169, 160, 153);
}
.link-decoration-border-dark:hover,
a:hover .link-decoration-border-dark {
    border-color: rgb(127, 250, 233);
    text-decoration: none;
}
a.skip {
    position: absolute;
    left: -999em;
}
a.skip:active,
a.skip:focus {
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-size: 1.1em;
    display: block;
    padding: 0.4em;
    border: 0.1em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 14em;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: bold;
    z-index: 99999;
    background: rgb(1, 167, 227);
}
.main-header {
    padding: 16px 0px 14px;
    z-index: 2;
    min-height: 42px;
    left: 0px;
    position: fixed;
    width: 100%;
    top: 0px;
}
.cookie-visible .main-header {
    position: relative;
}
.home-link {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: top;
    padding-right: 25px;
    padding-top: 5px;
    padding-bottom: 5px;
    border: 1px dotted transparent;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-link:focus {
    border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.main-heading-hero,
.main-heading,
.main-heading-slim,
.img-bg-section,
.img-bg-section-small {
    min-height: 250px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    position: relative;
    background-position: 50% 0%;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.main-heading .full-bg-row {
    min-height: 314px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
}
blockquote {
    margin: 0px;
}
blockquote p::before {
    white-space: nowrap;
    content: '“';
}
blockquote p::after {
    content: '”';
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.sticky-home.quicklinks,
.sticky-home.main-header {
    position: relative;
}
.sticky-fixed.main-header {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0px;
    right: 0px;
    top: 0px;
    padding: 10px 0px;
    transition: 0.2s;
    -webkit-transition: 0.2s;
}
.cookie {
    border-top-width: 10px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(79, 70, 89);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    padding-top: 20px;
    display: none;
    background: rgb(80, 76, 90);
}
.footer-push::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
}
.main-footer {
    border-top-width: 10px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(79, 70, 89);
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    background: rgb(80, 76, 90);
}
.main-footer h3 {
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 16px;
    padding: 15px 0px 14px;
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(133, 127, 141);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.main-footer .pin::before {
    content: '';
    width: 52px;
    height: 70px;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    margin: 17px 0px 20px 35px;
    background: url(https://openathens.auth.reading.ac.uk/oala/img/main-sprite.png) -299px 0px no-repeat;
}
.main-footer .location:hover,
.main-footer .location:active,
.main-footer .location:focus {
    background-position: -179px -69px;
}
.main-footer .icon-plus:hover,
.main-footer .icon-minus:hover {
    cursor: pointer;
}
.main-footer .icon-plus::after,
.main-footer .icon-minus::after {
    top: 15px;
    right: 0px;
}
.main-footer a {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
}
.footer-links {
    border: 0px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    padding: 16px 0px;
    background: rgb(55, 53, 66);
}
.footer-links .wrapper {
    padding-bottom: 0px;
}
.footer-links p {
    font-family: RdgVesta-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 16px;
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    line-height: 24px;
    padding: 0px 0px 10px;
}
.footer-links ul {
    margin: 0px;
    padding: 5px 0px 0px;
}
.footer-links ul li {
    float: left;
    padding-right: 26px;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-family: Effra-Light, Arial, Verdana;
}
.footer-links ul li a {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-family: Effra-Medium, Arial, Verdana;
}
.footer-links ul li a:hover,
.footer-links ul li a:focus,
.footer-links ul li a:active {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-bottom-color: rgb(127, 250, 233);
    text-decoration: none;
}
.footer-links p.copy {
    float: right;
    margin: 3px 32px 0px 0px;
    font-family: Effra-Regular, Arial, Verdana;
    font-size: 13px;
}
.hidden {
    visibility: hidden;
    display: none !important;
}
.visuallyhidden {
    border: 0px;
    clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px);
    height: 1px;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0px;
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
}
.cf::before,
.cf::after {
    content: ' ';
    display: table;
}
.cf::after {
    clear: both;
}
.cf {} .display-block {
    display: block;
}
.display-inline-block {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.border-top-light {
    border-top-width: 1px;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-color: rgb(232, 232, 232);
}
.template-search-standout-dark .link-decoration-none {
    border-bottom-width: 0px;
    color: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.template-search-primary .link-decoration-none {
    border-bottom-width: 0px;
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.template-search-standout-dark a.button,
.template-search-primary a.button {
    color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.text-color-white .validation-error,
.label-white .validation-error {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background: rgb(223, 27, 43);
}
.text-color-white .validation-success,
.label-white .validation-success {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background-color: rgb(0, 134, 115);
}
.text-color-white .validation-waiting,
.label-white .validation-waiting {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 0px 5px;
    background-color: rgb(57, 98, 146);
}
.text-color-white .validation-line,
.label-white .validation-line {
    padding-right: 40px;
}
.white-slick .slick-navbar.m-pad {
    padding-right: 0px;
    padding-left: 0px;
}
.white-slick .slick-navbar .wrapper {
    padding-right: 0px;
    padding-left: 10px;
}
.taster-portrait figure,
.taster-landscape figure {
    max-height: 167px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.taster-portrait .br-arrow-icon {
    padding-bottom: 28px;
}
.taster-portrait .br-arrow-icon::before {
    right: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
}
.lt-ie9 .slick-dots button,
.lt-ie9 .bullet-container,
.lt-ie9 .status-steps .slick-next,
.lt-ie9 .status-steps .slick-prev,
.lt-ie9 .white-panel,
.lt-ie9 .section-panel,
.lt-ie9 .text-color-white .validation-error,
.lt-ie9 .label-white .validation-error,
.lt-ie9 .validation-message::after {} .lt-ie9 .main-heading,
.lt-ie9 .main-heading-xlarge {
    min-height: 0px;
}
.footer-push {
    min-height: 100%;
    margin-bottom: -79px;
}
.footer-push::after {
    height: 79px;
}